The symbol % stands for 'per cent' or 'percent', which means 'out of a hundred'.
'Cent' is the French for 'hundred' and the % looks a bit like two zeros with a 1 through them... 0|0.
We can easily convert between percentages, fractions and decimals.
45% (45 percent) is equal to 45/100 (45 hundredths) = 0.45
78% (78 percent) is equal to 78/100 (78 hundredths) = 0.78
5% (5 percent) is equal to 5/100 (5 hundredths) = 0.05
40% (40 percent) is equal to 40/100 (40 hundredths) = 0.40 = 0.4
(Remember to change 0.40 to 0.4 in the last example as the final zero is not needed.)