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Study the Life Cycle of an Insect

In this worksheet, students will examine an overview of an butterfly's life cycle, answering questions about the change from egg to caterpillar to pupa to adult.

'Study the Life Cycle of an Insect' worksheet

Key stage:  KS 2

Year:  Year 5 Science worksheets

Curriculum topic:   Living Things and Their Habitats

Curriculum subtopic:   Life Cycles

Difficulty level:  

Worksheet Overview

As you know, insects are arthropods with six jointed legs, three parts to their body and (usually) four wings.

 

One such insect, whose life cycle we're going to have a look at, is the butterfly.

 

Butterfly

 

If you look carefully at this swallowtail butterfly, you can just about count its six legs, its four wings are joined in pairs on each side, and it does have a head/thorax/abdomen, but they're largely hidden by its folded wings.

 

After adult butterflies have mated, the female looks for a suitable plant to lay its eggs on - many butterflies have particular plants that their young like to eat. For example, the so-called cabbage white butterfly has caterpillars that love to munch the cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli you're trying to grow in your veg patch!

 

Butterfly eggs Butterfly eggs

 

After a few days, the caterpillars hatch out of the eggs and start to eat straight away! Caterpillars have an appetite for their food plants that seems to be unstoppable. In many ways, if you look at the butterfly's life cycle, the caterpillar is the eating stage of that life cycle: it's a bit like a walking bag with a mouth!

 

Caterpillar

 

So, the caterpillar munches and grows, munches and grows.

 

Then, when it's big enough it goes through a significant change. Many caterpillars find a safe place (like your garden shed) where it spins a silken thread to hang from and then ... it changes into a pupa (although there are other names for this, too, like chrysalis and cocoon).

 

Cocoon

 

Depending on the type of butterfly (or moth - they go through a very similar life cycle), the butterfly may hatch out of the pupa after a few days or after several months (some butterflies spend the winter inside their cocoons).

 

Inside the pupa something very special is happening: the various parts of the caterpillar are being taken apart and then rebuilt as a butterfly! It's a bit like that Lego vehicle you built and then you used the same bricks to make a plane.

 

When it's ready, the pupa splits open and the newly-formed butterfly emerges. Its wings are all folded and it waits while blood is pumped around its new body, unfurling the wings and stretching its legs, drying in the sun. Once it's gained its proper butterfly shape, it takes to the air for the very first time!

 

Peacock butterfly

 

In the life cycle of the butterfly, this flying adult form is (in many ways) the mating stage of the life cycle. The adult has no jaws, but it has got a rolled up drinking straw (called a proboscis - pronounced pro-boss-is) through which it can drink energy-rich nectar from flowers. This is the fuel it needs for flying, finding a mate, mating and laying eggs. Of course, it often pollinates flowers while it drinks, but that's another story!

 

Butterfly Can you see the butterfly about to uncoil its proboscis feeding tube?

 

So, that the basics of the butterfly life cycle: egg -> caterpillar -> pupa -> adult and it looks like this:

 

Butterfly life cycle

 

Butterflies and moths, like frogs and toads, are examples of animals that go through a complete change in their shape as they grow. This transformation is given a special (but difficult!) name: metamorphosis (pronounced MET-A-MORE-FO-SIS). See if you can learn it!

 

Now, are you ready to tackle a few questions on this life cycle and see how well you understand it? Let's see!

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