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The development of photography
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• 5th-4th Centuries B.C. |
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Chinese and Greek philosophers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera. |
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• 11th Centery A.D. |
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The first scientific descriptions of the camera obscura are made by the Iranian schientist Alhazen, but his work is never translated. |
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• 1664-1666 |
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Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colours. |
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• 1727 |
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Johann Heinrich Schulze discovers that silver nitrate darkens upon exposure to light. |
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• 1794 |
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The first Panorama opens, the forerunner of the cinema. |
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• 1814 |
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Joseph Nicephore Niepce achieves the first photographic image with camera obscura - however, the image requires eight hours of light exposure and the image fades. |
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• 1837 |
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Daguerre produces the first daguerreotype - the first fixed image that does not fade and needs under thirty minutes of light exposure. |
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• 1840 |
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The first American patent in photography is issued to Alexander Wolcott for his camera. |
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• 1841 |
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William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies. |
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• 1843 |
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The first advertisement with a photograph is produced in Philadelphia. |
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• 1851 |
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Frederick Scott Archer invents the Collodion process - the images require only two or three seconds of light exposure. |
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• 1859 |
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The panoramic camera is patented - the Sutton. |
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• 1861 |
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Oliver Wendell Holmes invents the stereoscope viewer. |
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• 1865 |
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Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright. |
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• 1871 |
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Richard Leach Maddox invents the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process - negatives no longer need to be developed immediately. |
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• 1880 |
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The Eastman Dry Plate Company is founded. |
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• 1884 |
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George Eastman invents flexible, paper-based photographic film. |
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• 1888 |
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Eastman patents the Kodak roll-film camera. |
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• 1898 |
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Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film. |
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• 1900 |
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The first mass-marketed camera, the Brownie, is produced. |
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• 1913/1914 |
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The first 35mm still camera is developed. |
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• 1927 |
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General Electric invents the modern flash bulb. |
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• 1932 |
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The first light meter with photoelectric cell is introduced. |
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• 1935 |
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Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film. |
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• 1941 |
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Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film. |
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• 1942 |
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Chester Carlson receives a patent for electric photography (xerography). |
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• 1948 |
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Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera. |
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• 1954 |
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Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film. |
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• 1960 |
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EG&G develops an extreme depth underwater camera for the U.S. Navy. |
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• 1963 |
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Polaroid introduces instant colour film. |
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• 1968 |
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A photograph of the Earth is taken from the moon. |
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• 1973 |
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Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera. |
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• 1977 |
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George Eastman and Edwin Land are inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. |
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• 1978 |
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Konica introduces the first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera. |
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• 1980 |
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Sony demonstrates the first consumer camcorder. |
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• 1984 |
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Canon demonstrates the first digital electronic still camera. |
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• 1985 |
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Pixar introduces a digital imaging processor. |
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• 1990 |
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Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium. |
