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Interpret the Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis

Worksheet Overview

Photosynthesis is the process plants use to produce glucose.  

 

  Image of photosynthesis

 

Any factor that slows down the rate of photosynthesis is called a limiting factor. These factors include:

Temperature 

Amount of carbon dioxide 

Light intensity

Amount of chlorophyll

They are called limiting factors because they “limit” the reaction that is taking place. 

Water isn't generally considered a limiting factor because even a small amount would allow photosynthesis to occur.

 

Image of graphs showing limiting factors

 

 

Light Intensity 

As you might already know, light is needed for photosynthesis. At night, there's no light for plants to photosynthesise with, so plants respire at this time. During the day, plants photosynthesise and respire. 

The more light there is, the greater the rate of photosynthesis. If the rate of photosynthesis stops increasing even though there's still lots of light, something must be limiting photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, the temperature or the amount of chlorophyll could be the limiting factors. Graphs are useful to demonstrate this:

 

 Image of graph showing light as a limiting factor


The graph above shows that as the light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of reaction begins to level off because another factor is limiting the reaction e.g. carbon dioxide or temperature.
This means that increasing the light intensity will have no further effect because another factor is preventing the reaction from happening any faster.

 

Carbon dioxide concentration

Carbon dioxide is also essential for photosynthesis. If there's plenty of carbon dioxide, photosynthesis can occur. But if there isn't much light, or the temperature is too high, or there's not enough chlorophyll, the rate of photosynthesis will decrease.

 

Image of graph showing carbon dioxide as a limiting factor

 

 

The graph above shows that as the carbon dioxide concentration increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of reaction begins to level off because another factor is limiting the reaction e.g. light or temperature.
This means that further increases in carbon dioxide have no further effect because another factor is preventing the reaction from happening any faster.

 

Temperature

Image of graph showing limiting factor temperature

 

 

As the temperature increases, so does the rate of reaction. This is because more collisions occur between particles and enzymes when the temperature is warmer. The highest point on the graph is the optimum temperature - this is the best temperature for enzymes to work at, so photosynthesis is at its fastest (usually around 30 - 40ºC). Any further increase in temperature causes enzymes to change shape or denature, so the rate of reaction quickly falls.

 

Chlorophyll

Image of plant cell

 

Chlorophyll found in chloroplasts absorbs light energy in order to power photosynthesis. The amount of chlorophyll affects the rate of photosynthesis. Plants in darker conditions will produce more chlorophyll, so  that the plant can absorb the required amount of light in order to photosynthesise.

 

In the following activity, you will interpret graphs about the limiting factors of photosynthesis.

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