The Romans used the following symbols to represent their counting numbers:
I | = 1 |
V | = 5 |
X | = 10 |
L | = 50 |
C | = 100 |
D | = 500 |
M | = 1000 |
Certain rules apply.
A letter placed after another letter means that you add the second letter to the first letter. Examples include:
VI | = 5 + 1 = 6 |
VII | = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7 |
VIII | = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8 |
XI | = 10 + 1 = 11 |
LX | = 50 + 10 = 60 |
MC | = 1000 + 100 = 1100 |
A letter placed before another letter means that you subtract the first letter from the second. Examples include:
IV | = 5 - 1 = 4 |
IX | = 10 - 1 = 9 |
XL | = 50 - 10 = 40 |
CM | = 1000 - 100 = 900 |
Example
For what number does this Roman numeral stand?
MMCMXLIX
Answer
MM = 2000
CM = 1000 - 100 = 900
XL = 50 - 10 = 40
IX = 10 - 1 = 9
So MMCMXLIX = 2949